Let's look at the types, or families, of digital cameras currently available. As we do so, keep in mind that no one yet knows what a digital camera should look like so you'll find all kinds of strange shapes. 35mm cameras have taken familiar forms because they require room for the film and light path as well as prisms and such. Digital cameras are freed of many of these limitations so they can take new forms. During these early days, some manufacturers make their cameras look like familiar 35mm cameras while others veer off in new directions.
Regardless of how digital cameras look, the market for them is roughly divided into three tiers with blurry lines separating cameras based mainly by image resolution, features, and of course, price.
a. At the low end are the fully automatic point and shoot cameras with resolutions of 3 to 4 million pixels or so and prices below $500.
b. At the next level are prosumer cameras, those having 4 to 5 million pixels in their image sensors. Costing less than $1000 these cameras also give you lots of creative control.
c. At the top are cameras costing between $1000 and $2000 that appeal to both amateur and professional photographers. These cameras have 6 to 12 million pixels and many are based on 35mm designs and even accept lenses from their film-based cousins. These cameras have the highest resolution, most features, and highest prices.
Let's take a look at these three categories in more detail.
Point and shoot cameras
For the past few decades, serious photographers have mainly been using traditional 35mm SLR cameras. But these large and heavy cameras are inconvenient to say the least, so most serious photographers have always stuck a point and shoot camera in their shirt pocket. The photos from these small cameras may not be quite as good (and that is debatable), but they go anywhere and pictures that would otherwise be missed are captured. Point and shoot cameras have earned their stripes and are welcome additions to even the most professional photographer's camera collection.
Why this discussion on point and shoot cameras? It's because in the new digital photography arena, they are not only very popular, they are the least expensive digital cameras. These cameras are fully automatic and usually don't provide you with a lot of creative control—that's why they are called "point and shoot." With resolutions up to 3 or 4 million pixels, you can get great prints up to 8 x 10 or so.
Prosumer cameras
Positioned just above the point and shoot cameras is a family of cameras with 5 to 6 million pixels or so. Generally, the higher resolution is combined with more advanced features such as through-the-lens (TTL) focusing and creative controls. This is one of the fastest growing categories of cameras because these cameras appeal to serious photographers who like to have creative control of their camera's settings and make prints up to about 8 x 10 in size.
Professional cameras
If you have money to burn, you might cast your eye on the cameras designed for professionals and advanced amateurs. Costing between $1500 and $8000 these cameras are often based on a SLR design and feature resolutions between 6 and 12 million pixels. One huge advantage these cameras have is that most of the features (such as exposure controls) and accessories (such as lenses) designed for the film versions also work with the digital versions.
The most recent entry in the digital SLR arena is the Four Thirds System jointly developed by Olympus, Kodak, and Fuji.. The key features of this system are a standard image sensor size and a standard lens mount.
The image sensor is 18 x 13.5 mm in size—or a ratio of 4 to 3. Because the image sensor has a standard size and shape, lenses designed for one camera can be used on any other provided the mount is standardized, and that’s what they have done. You can’t use a Canon Lens on a Nikon camera, but you will be able to use the same lens on any and all 4/3 system cameras. This will allow other camera companies to compete with the likes of Canon and Nikon who make their own high-quality lenses because they have the volume necessary to recover their costs. Now a company can design a camera and let users choose from the ever expanding pool of available lenses from all lens manufacturers.
One side benefit of a system where the lenses are designed specifically for digital photography is size and weight. Since digital image sensors are smaller than frames of film, lenses can be made smaller. Up until the introduction of the 4/3rds system this wasn’t done. Instead, cameras were designed to use the existing film-based camera lenses. Since only the central portion of the lenses image gathering optics were used, this was overkill.
Digital video cameras
Normally we take one picture at a time with a still camera, or perhaps a few hundred at best with still cameras offering a video capture mode. However, it's also possible to select individual frames off a video tape. Shot at 30 frames per second, video captures 1800 images per minute. The ability to choose from such a vast array of images is tempting, but keep in mind that video has less resolution than most digital cameras.
With the latest digital video cameras, you don't have to digitize frames because they are captured in a digital format. The lines here get very blurry because some digital still cameras are capable of capturing short video sequences and some digital video cameras can also capture still images.
Specialty cameras
Digital cameras are so useful, they are being incorporated into more and more devices ranging from PDAs to cell phones. These cameras can often send images to other phones or even post them on the Internet for others to see.
Novelty Cameras
As the size and price of image sensors fall, cameras can be incorporated into more and more object from toys to watches.
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